Fresh fighting between the Houthis and the Yemeni government has dragged in Riyadh, with the Houthis declaring a maritime blockade on the kingdom and targeting its ships in the Red Sea.

Last week’s lightning offensive saw the group seize control of the entirety of Yemen’s Red Sea coast and the Bab al-Mandab Strait, a vital artery for Saudi oil exports as the wider Middle East war chokes off the Strait of Hormuz strategic shipping route.

The Houthis swiftly rejected as a “lie” Riyadh’s report that it shot down a drone from the rebels heading towards Makkah, which attracts millions of pilgrims each year.

“The claims about targeting Makkah are a worn-out lie that has been used before and no longer fools anyone,” Hazem al-Assad from the Houthis’ politburo wrote on X.

The Saudi coalition vowed retaliation, warning that the security of holy sites was a “red line”.

“The security of the Two Holy Mosques and the pilgrims is a red line, and the Joint Forces Command of the Coalition will not hesitate to take the necessary and deterrent measures against the Terrorist Houthi Militia,” the coalition said in a statement shared by spokesman Turki al-Maliki.

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) — a bloc of 57 Muslim countries — condemned the “heinous” attack.

Saudi Arabia had issued brief alerts on Tuesday over possible attacks in Makkah and across swathes of the kingdom’s south, which borders Yemen.

The alerts, including the first one issued in Makkah since the Middle East war erupted in February, came a day after a wave of ballistic missile and drone attacks launched from Yemen wounded 13 people in the kingdom’s south.

Fighting flared in July when the Houthis, who have for years controlled swathes of northern Yemen, launched a large-scale offensive against Yemeni government forces.

The conflict in the Arabian Peninsula’s poorest country has forced 82,000 people to flee their homes since the start of September, according to the United Nations.

Yemen’s permanent representative at the UN, Abdullah al-Saadi, said Yemenis were fighting to restore “national institutions across every inch of their land”, and called on the international community to take action against the Houthis.

PM Shehbaz condemns ‘dastardly and heinous attempted drone attack’

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif condemned in the “strongest possible terms the dastardly and heinous attempted drone attack against the Holy Site of Makkah Al-Mukarramah”.

“The people of Pakistan are saddened and perturbed by this outrageous act. There can be no words strong enough to capture the depth of anguish and sorrow felt by us at this reprehensible and unforgivable act,” he wrote in a post on X.

He lauded the “extraordinary vigilance, courage, and professionalism of the Royal Saudi Armed Forces for their swift and heroic action”.

The premier urged “all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to step back from the brink of further escalation”.

“Our region has already suffered far too much from conflict. Dialogue and diplomacy remain the only sustainable path towards peace,” he stressed.

“Pakistan stands unwaveringly, shoulder to shoulder with the brotherly Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in the defence of its sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as for the security and sanctity of the Haramain Sharifain — a duty that every Pakistani carries close to their heart.”

‘Hostile and extremist’

On Tuesday, Saudi Arabia and Egypt called for free navigation in the Red Sea following the Houthis’ offensive in the vital waterway.

After meeting in Cairo, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi called for “ensuring the freedom and security of maritime navigation” through the Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab — which links the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden, the Egyptian presidency said.

The revival of Yemen’s civil war, dormant since 2022, has left Riyadh rushing to respond.

US media reported last week that the Saudi crown prince made a personal request to President Donald Trump for US intervention, but was turned down.

The Houthis have insisted that there is no threat to navigation in the Bab al-Mandab except for Saudi vessels.

Any attacks in the waterway are likely to make it less attractive to shippers.

Disruption in the strait could cause Egypt to feel the pinch too, as the Red Sea serves as the gateway to the Suez Canal, upon which Cairo relies for crucial foreign revenue.

Canal revenues are currently around half of what they were before the Houthis first started attacking Red Sea shipping in 2023, a campaign they said was in solidarity with Palestinians during Israel’s war on Gaza.

On Tuesday, Qatar warned of dire consequences if Bab al-Mandab was closed, saying it would be “catastrophic for the entire world”.

The Houthis have also targeted oil infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, the world’s leading crude exporter, helping push global prices above the $100-a-barrel threshold.

The Saudi-led coalition said it would deal with the attacks “firmly to protect the sovereignty of the Kingdom”, and would take “all necessary operational measures to deter this … hostile and extremist approach”.

Houthi military spokesman Yahya Saree said on Tuesday that Saudi Arabia launched 52 airstrikes on Yemen over the past 24 hours, accusing it of targeting civilian sites, including schools and bridges.

But Riyadh’s strikes have failed to reverse the group’s gains.

A US military task force is working to enhance intelligence-sharing and planning assistance for Saudi forces as they face attacks, a US official told AFP on Tuesday.

Speaking at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, Pakistan’s Permanent Representative Asim Iftikhar Ahmad condemned Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.

“The Houthi military escalation inside Yemen, the continued Houthi attacks against the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the latest military developments along Yemen’s Red Sea coast have brought the conflict to an extremely dangerous juncture,” he said.

He added that the expansion of attacks in and around the Bab al-Mandab Strait represented a “serious escalation”.

“Pakistan condemns, in the strongest terms, all Houthi attacks against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” he said, reaffirming Pakistan’s “unwavering support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, security and prosperity” of the kingdom.

He said that Pakistan “fully supports Saudi Arabia’s legitimate right”, consistent with the UN Charter and international law, “to take necessary measures to defend its territory, protect its citizens and safeguard its national assets against threats”.

Ahmad warned that continued violations of international law against commercial shipping posed a growing threat to freedom of navigation and international maritime commerce.

“Any attempt to threaten, obstruct, or weaponise the vital waterways will have consequences for international trade and commercial shipping, global supply chains, and energy security,” he said.

He said the relative calm painstakingly maintained in Yemen since 2022 had collapsed, warning that continued escalation risked reigniting a full-scale conflict and drawing Yemen deeper into the wider regional confrontation.

“This must be prevented,” he said, calling for diplomacy to match the gravity of the crisis.

“Diplomacy must assume urgency in proportion to the gravity of this situation,” Ahmad said, expressing Pakistan’s strong support for “the resumption of an inclusive, Yemeni-led and Yemeni-owned political process under United Nations auspices”.

US, China call for restraint

China also called for restraint and a return to negotiations, while stressing that protecting shipping in the Red Sea was a shared international responsibility.

Chinese representative Sun Lei said protecting freedom of navigation required an end to armed conflict and a lasting peace. He urged all parties to exercise restraint and return to negotiations, while calling for a greater role for Gulf countries in mediation and a new security architecture for the Middle East.

The US demanded that the Houthis halt their advances, withdraw from seized territory and cease their attacks.

US representative Jennifer Locetta also called on Iran to end its support for the group, accusing Tehran of arming, funding and directing the Houthis.

“Freedom of navigation underpins the global economy, and the United States is working with our partners to protect it,” she said, adding that the council could not ignore Iran’s role in supporting the Houthis.

Saudi Arabia told the council that the Houthi escalation threatened Yemen, regional security, international trade and global supply chains.

Saudi representative Abdulaziz M Alwasil cited attacks on Abha, Khamis Mushait, Jazan and Najran that injured civilians, as well as renewed attacks on Sept 14 and continued targeting of commercial vessels in the Red Sea.

He said the Houthis and militias supporting them were pursuing a policy of “choking the straits”, holding the international community and global economy hostage.

“Protecting vital waterways is a collective responsibility requiring a firm Council response,” Alwasil said. Saudi Arabia remained committed to de-escalation and peace, he said, while reserving its right to defend its territory and citizens.

Yemen said the Houthi advance towards Bab al-Mandab had transformed the conflict into an increasingly serious regional and international security issue.

Yemeni representative Abdullah Ali Fadhel al-Saadi said his government was responding to Houthi advances along the western coast, with its forces reorganising to regain the initiative and prevent the Houthis from using the coast to threaten international shipping.

He said continued Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia and energy infrastructure were part of a broader regional threat, while warning of links between instability around the Red Sea, terrorist groups and trafficking networks in the Horn of Africa.

Al-Saadi called on the council to enforce the arms embargo, disrupt weapons, financing and smuggling networks, support Yemen in restoring authority over its territory and coast, and respond urgently to growing humanitarian needs.

Liberia, speaking on behalf of the three African council members — the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia and Liberia — warned that further territorial changes along Yemen’s coast could increase tensions, threaten international navigation and undermine efforts towards a political settlement.

Its diplomat, Lewis Garseedah Brown II, said there was no military solution to the conflict and warned against Yemen becoming an arena for proxy warfare.

For Africa, he said, Red Sea security was particularly important because disrupted shipping and rising freight and insurance costs could translate into higher prices for imported grain, fuel and fertiliser.

Bahrain also condemned the Houthi escalation and attacks on Saudi Arabia, saying the renewed fighting had worsened Yemen’s humanitarian crisis and forced civilians to flee their homes.